I have been doing some research since my last post. I have found some pretty interesting things. Yes there is light at the end of the tunnel, but precautions do need to be taken. My research took me to the Virgina Public Health page. Here is what I found out and for all it's scary reading the whole document, but if you fish up there you might want to look it up. It basically explains how to be safe.
PUBLIC HEALTH ASSESSMENT
NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYARD
PORTSMOUTH, VIRGINIA
III. COMMUNITY HEALTH CONCERNS
A community relations plan for NNSY provides guidance for keeping the community informed about site-related activities and involving the community and other interested parties in the decision-making process for selecting remedial alternatives. As part of its effort to update this plan, the Navy interviewed selected local officials, businesses, and residents, as well as representatives of community groups and media outlets, to identify their information needs. Public meetings are held to inform citizens of ongoing remedial activities and to solicit their input. Navy officials have also given community presentations and are available to discuss any concerns that community members have. The public may review site-related documents, including reports and correspondence relating to cleanup activities, at a repository located at the Portsmouth Public Library, 601 Court Street, Portsmouth, VA 23704 (telephone: 757-393-8501).
Through meetings, contact with officials and the public, and our review of site documents, ATSDR identified the following community health concerns:
§ Is it safe to eat seafood from the Elizabeth River?
Since the 1920s, VDH has prohibited harvesting shellfish other than crabs from the Elizabeth River and its tributaries. Although this prohibition was originally based on elevated levels of bacteriologic contamination, concern exists about the potential for bivalve mollusks (including mussels, clams, and oysters)–the type of shellfish to which the prohibition applies–to uptake chemical contaminants (such as metals) that have reached the river from any number of sources (ATSDR 1994; R. Barker, VDH Division of Shellfish Sanitation, personal communication, 2002; Elizabeth River Project n.d.b.). In general, bivalve mollusks would be expected to bioaccumulate some contaminants at higher levels than other types of seafood would because they are filter feeders (i.e., they have a tendency to accumulate pollutants as they pump water and suspended particles through their gills for respiration and feeding) (EPA 1998).
Many sources contribute to contamination in the Elizabeth River and Hampton Roads, including nearby government and private industrial sites as well as other regional and local point and nonpoint sources. Limited fish and crab sampling data have been collected by various institutions. However water, fish, and contaminants tend to migrate throughout a river system, and concentrations of contaminants may change over time. As a result it is difficult to assess the potential health effects for a particular area. As noted previously, several groups are studying the Elizabeth River, and they are expected to issue reports that assess the areas they have studied.
No fishing advisory has been issued for the Elizabeth River and its tributaries; as a prudent measure, people should follow VDH shellfishing prohibitions. VDH and EPA offer general fishing advisories that provide recommendations to inform people about how to select and prepare fish they catch in a manner that reduces potential exposures to some types of contaminants. To better understand prudent measures they can take, people should review these advisories, which can be found on the EPA and VDH Web sites or obtained by contacting the agencies directly. VDH recommendations are available on the Internet at www.vdh.state.va.us/HHControl/fishing_advisories.htm . EPA recommendations are available on the Internet at www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish , which includes a link to A Guide to Healthy Eating of the Fish You Catch, a brochure developed in collaboration with ATSDR.
In December 2000, the Chesapeake Executive Council, consisting of representatives of the government agencies involved with the Chesapeake Bay Program, adopted a "Toxics 2000 Strategy" for reducing, preventing, and assessing chemical contamination in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. According to the Toxics 2000 Strategy, one of the commitments made by CBP partners is to evaluate seafood tissue monitoring and outreach programs. In particular, the partners indicated that by 2002 they planned to evaluate the technical and public outreach components of these programs and recommend any appropriate improvements to ensure that advisories are accurate, understandable, and easily available to the public. By 2004, the partners plan to institute appropriate improvements to the programs, assess major fishing and shellfishing areas, complete risk screenings, identify any specific subpopulations at potential risk, and issue any additional consumption advisories, as appropriate (Chesapeake Executive Council 2000).
In short, a number of agencies and organizations are studying seafood and seafood exposures in the Elizabeth River watershed. As a prudent measure, people should follow all seafood consumption advisories and shellfishing prohibitions issued by federal and state agencies and other collaborative groups. ATSDR notes that in some parts of the Elizabeth River, fish with lesions, tumors, and other abnormalities have been found. These effects may be linked to sediment contamination, particularly from PAHs, which are widespread throughout the river (Army Chesapeake Bay Program 2000; Elizabeth River Project n.d.a.; McCord 2001). Abnormalities, such as these in fish, can result from other causes, however, such as infections or injuries.
§ Is it safe to eat seafood from Paradise Creek?
At this time, we are not certain whether it is safe to eat seafood harvested from Paradise Creek. The Navy is addressing potential sources of Paradise Creek contamination coming from NNSY and collected seafood samples from the creek in 1997. ATSDR contacted EPA, VDEQ, and the Virginia Institute of Marine Science to inquire about the availability of any additional seafood samples collected from Paradise Creek, but none were identified. Navy sampling was conducted near Sites 2 and 3, in support of investigations at these sites. Five mussel samples and three clam samples were analyzed, including one sample of each species collected from upstream of the sites (to provide perspective on "background" levels of contaminants). Originally, the Navy proposed collecting crab samples, but no crabs larger than approximately 1 centimeter were found in the area.
ATSDR evaluated the sampling results and concurs with the Navy's assessment that contaminant levels were not consistently higher in samples collected downstream of the IRP sites than in upstream samples. However, too few samples were collected for ATSDR to draw conclusions about the representativeness of the clam and mussel samples. More importantly, in light of the VDH shellfishing prohibition, people would not be expected to collect or consume bivalve mollusks from Paradise Creek. Because clams and mollusks bioaccumulate contaminants at different rates than other types of seafood, these data do not reveal contaminant levels to which people might be exposed during consumption of crab, fish and other seafood.
During site visits, ATSDR observed crab pots near the mouth of Paradise Creek and signs that people might fish in this area. We were also told that sometimes people fish from the Victory Boulevard bridge, although a posted sign said not to. Thus, ATSDR believes that people sometimes catch fish and crabs in Lower Paradise Creek, particularly near its mouth, that are of sufficient size to be eaten. No information about the extent to which this occurs is currently available.
Fish and crabs are relatively mobile, and substantial tidal flushing occurs in this area. Crabs and fish in Lower Paradise Creek, as well as the water and sediment in which they live, would also be affected by contamination originating outside of NNSY. Any assessments performed by local or regional agencies or organizations of potential exposures to seafood collected from the part of the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River near the site would also apply to seafood collected in Lower Paradise Creek. People should, to be prudent, follow all seafood consumption advisories and shellfishing prohibitions issued by federal and state agencies (described in the previous section of this document).
What are the Potential Effects Associated With Consumption of Seafood from St. Juliens Creek and the Elizabeth River?
A common community concern questions the safety of eating locally-caught seafood. Because of the variety of military installations, industrial facilities and other potential sources of contamination in the area, some people are concerned that finfish and shellfish in this area may have measurable levels of contaminants in their tissues. ATSDR reviewed the available information to address this concern. The following paragraphs briefly describe ATSDR's evaluation. Because the condition of the waterway may change over time, ATSDR recommends that people review relevant fishing advisories for the areas where they intend to fish.
Since the 1920s, VDH has prohibited harvesting shellfish other than crabs from the Elizabeth River and its tributaries due to high levels of bacteriological contamination (VDH 2002). ATSDR did not identify any data or reports that discuss whether the local communities consume shellfish despite this advisory.
There are no fishing advisories for the Elizabeth River and its tributaries to prohibit or restrict fishing. VDH and EPA offer general fishing advisories that provide recommendations to inform people about how to select and prepare fish they catch in a manner that reduces potential exposures to some types of contaminants. ATSDR recommends that people review these advisories, which can be found on the EPA and VDH Internet sites or obtained by contacting the agencies directly. EPA recommendations are online at
http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/fish , and includes a link to Should I Eat The Fish I Catch? A Guide to Healthy Eating of the Fish You Catch, a brochure developed in collaboration with ATSDR. VDH recommendations are online at
http://www.vdh.state.va.us/hhcontrol/fishing_advisories.htm .
A number of agencies and organizations are studying seafood and seafood exposures in the Elizabeth River watershed. Some sources suggest that in the Elizabeth River, fish have been found with lesions, tumors, and other abnormalities that could be due to chemical contamination (Elizabeth River Project NDa). However, not all fish lesions are due to chemical contamination. Fish lesions can also be caused by bacterial, fungal or viral infection, parasites, or injury.
ATSDR evaluated fish sampling data from the Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences (VIMS). The sampling area predominately consisted of waterways associated with the James and York Rivers, from the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay and upstream to approximately Williamsburg, VA. Waterways between Norfolk and Virginia Beach, VA and the inland portion of Cape Charles were also represented. The sampling data was gathered between 1997 and 2001. The samples primarily consisted of skin-off fillets of finfish. Results of the evaluation indicate that within the sampled area, there are no health concerns for people who consistently consume one to two 8-oz fish fillets per week from the sampled area. Eating more fish will increase a person's potential exposure to PCBs. All fish consumers, and especially people who routinely consume two or more 8-oz fish fillets per day may want to consider reducing their potential PCB exposure by: 1) selecting the younger, smaller fish of a species (within legal limits), 2) removing the skin, belly fat, and internal organs prior to cooking, 3) baking or broiling the fish fillets, and 4) not eating the fatty juices or drippings.